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Околокельтские языки
ВЛАДИМИР-III: Англоязычная Википедия сообщает: [quote]It has been suggested that several poorly-documented languages may possibly have been Celtic. Camunic is an extinct language which was spoken in the first millennium BC in the Valcamonica and Valtellina valleys of the Central Alps. It has most recently been proposed to be a Celtic language.[63] Ligurian was spoken in the Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling the southeast French and northwest Italian coasts, including parts of Tuscany, Elba island and Corsica. Xavier Delamarre argues that Ligurian was a Celtic language, similar to, but not the same as Gaulish.[64] The Ligurian-Celtic question is also discussed by Barruol (1999). Ancient Ligurian is either listed as Celtic (epigraphic),[65] or Para-Celtic (onomastic).[47] Lusitanian was spoken in the area between the Douro and Tagus rivers of western Iberia (a region straddling the present border of Portugal and Spain). It is known from only five inscriptions and various place names.[66] It is an Indo-European language and some scholars have proposed that it may be a para-Celtic language, which evolved alongside Celtic or formed a dialect continuum or sprachbund with Tartessian and Gallaecian. This is tied to a theory of an Iberian origin for the Celtic languages.[66][67][68] It is also possible that the Q-Celtic languages alone, including Goidelic, originated in western Iberia (a theory that was first put forward by Edward Lhuyd in 1707) or shared a common linguistic ancestor with Lusitanian.[69] Secondary evidence for this hypothesis has been found in research by biological scientists, who have identified (firstly) deep-rooted similarities in human DNA found precisely in both the former Lusitania and Ireland,[70][71] and; (secondly) the so-called "Lusitanian distribution" of animals and plants unique to western Iberia and Ireland. Both of these phenomena are now generally believed to have resulted from human emigration from Iberia to Ireland, during the late Paleolithic or early Mesolithic eras.[72] Other scholars see greater linguistic affinities between Lusitanian, proto-Italic and Old European.[73][74] Pictish was for a long time thought to be a pre-Celtic, non-Indo-European language of Scotland. Some believe it was an Insular Celtic language allied to the P-Celtic language Brittonic (descendants Welsh, Cornish, Cumbric, Breton).[75] Rhaetian was spoken in central parts of present-day Switzerland, Tyrol in Austria, and the Alpine regions of northeastern Italy. It is documented by a limited number of short inscriptions (found through Northern Italy and Western Austria) in two variants of the Etruscan alphabet. Its linguistic categorization is not clearly established, and it presents a confusing mixture of what appear to be Etruscan, Indo-European, and uncertain other elements. Howard Hayes Scullard argues that Rhaetian was also a Celtic language.[76] Tartessian (or Cunetic), spoken in the southwest of the Iberia Peninsula (mainly southern Portugal and southwestern Spain).[77] Tartessian is known by 95 inscriptions, with the longest having 82 readable signs.[67][78][79] John T. Koch argues that Tartessian was also a Celtic language.[79] [/quote] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_languages На мой взгляд, все перечисленные языки к кельтским не относятся. Однако, и в этом есть запутывающий момент, все они примерно в одно и то же время (середина I тысячелетия до н.э.) контактировали с кельтскими языками - прежде всего с т.н. Nuclear Celtic, на котором говорили древнейшие кельты севернее Альп, и поэтому элементы примерно одних и тех же языковых пластов могли проникнуть в перечисленные языки.
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retrograde: ВЛАДИМИР-III пишет: Подозреваю, что около 1100 года до н.э. кельты были микроскопической этнической группой где-то к северу от Альп (но недалеко) Пракельты как часть полевиков (вряд ли все полевики?)? Ранние лепонтийские надписи (как будто бы древнейшие кельтские тексты) - вроде бы поздняя голасекка (часть полевиков вроде)...
ВЛАДИМИР-III: Но лепонтийцы это VII, максимум VIII век до н.э.
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