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ÂËÀÄÈÌÈÐ-III: ßÇÛÊÎÂÛÅ ÑÅÌÜÈ ÂÛÄÛÕÀÞÙÈÅ: 1.ÁÎÐÅÀËÜÍÀß ÃÈÏÅÐÑÅÌÜß 1.1.ÍÎÑÒÐÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 1.1.1.ÈÍÄÎÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.1.2.ÄÐÀÂÈÄÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.1.3.ÊÀÐÒÀÂÅËÜÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.1.4.ÓÐÀËÜÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.1.5.ÀËÒÀÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.1.6.ÝÑÊÈÌÎÑÑÊÎ-ÀËÅÓÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.1.7.×ÓÊÎÒÑÊÎ-ÊÀÌ×ÀÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.1.8.ÑÅÌÜß ÏÅÍÓÒÈ 1.1.9.ÍÈÂÕÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.1.10.ßÏÎÍÖÛ 1.2.ÑÈÍÎ-ÊÀÂÊÀÇÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 1.2.1.ÅÍÈÑÅÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.2.2.ÀÄÛÃÎ-ÀÁÕÀÇÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.2.3.ÍÀÕÑÊÎ-ÄÀÃÅÑÒÀÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.2.4.ÑÈÍÎ-ÒÈÁÅÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.2.5.ÑÅÌÜß ÍÀ-ÄÅÍÅ 1.2.6.ÑÅÌÜß ÁÓÐÓØÀÑÊÈ 1.3.ÀÌÅÐÈÍÄÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 1.3.1.ÀËÃÎÍÊÈÍÎ-ÌÎÑÀÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.3.2.ÀÖÒÅÊÎ-ÒÀÍÎÀÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.3.3.ÑÅÌÜß ÌÀÊÐÎ-ÎÒÎ-ÌÀÍÃÅ 1.3.4.ÑÅÌÜß ÒÀÐÀÑÊÀ 1.3.5.ÑÅÌÜß ÌÀÊÐÎ-×ÈÁ×À 1.3.6.ÀÍÄÎ-ÝÊÂÀÒÎÐÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.3.7.ÆÅ-ÏÀÍÎ-ÊÀÐÈÁÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.ÇÈÍÄÆÑÊÀß ÃÈÏÅÐÑÅÌÜß 2.1.ÀÔÐÀÇÈÉÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 2.1.1.ÑÅÌÈÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.1.2.ÁÅÐÁÅÐÎ-ÊÀÍÀÐÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.1.3.×ÀÄÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.1.4.ÊÓØÈÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.1.5.ÎÌÎÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.1.6.ÅÃÈÏÅÒÑÊÎ-ÏÓÍÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß* 2.2.ÍÈÃÅÐÎ-ÊÎÐÄÎÔÀÍÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 2.2.1.ÊÎÐÄÎÔÀÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.2..2.ÑÅÌÜß ÌÀÍÄÅ 2.2.3.ÀÒËÀÍÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.2.4.ÈÄÆÎÈÄÍÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.2.5.ÄÎÃÎÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.2.6.ÑÅÌÜß ÊÐÓ 2.2.7.ÂÎËÜÒÈÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.2.8.ÑÅÌÜß ÑÅÍÓÔÎ 2.2.9.ÀÄÀÌÀÓÀ-ÓÁÀÍÃÈÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.2.10.ÑÅÌÜß ÊÂÀ 2.2.11.ÁÅÍÓÝ-ÊÎÍÃÎËÅÇÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.ÍÈËÎ-ÑÀÕÀÐÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 2.3.1.ÑÎÍÃÀÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.2.ÑÀÕÀÐÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.3.ÑÅÌÜß ÌÀÁÀ 2.3.4.ÑÅÌÜß ÔÓÐ 2.3.5.ÖÅÍÒÐÀËÜÍÎÑÓÄÀÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.6.ÒÀÌÀ-ÍÓÁÈÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.7.ÍÜÈÌÀÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.8.ÊÈÐ-ÀÁÁÀÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.9.ÑÅÌÜß ÊÀÄÓ 2.3.10.ÊÓËÜßÊÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.11.ÑÅÌÜß ÁÅÐÒÀ 2.3.12.ÊÎÌÀÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 2.3.13.ÑÅÌÜß ÃÓÌÓÇ 2.3.14.ÑÅÌÜß ÊÓÍÀÌÀ 3.ÄÐÓÃÈÅ ÂÛÄÛÕÀÞÙÈÅ ßÇÛÊÈ 3.1..ÀÓÑÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 3.1.1.ÀÂÑÒÐÎÀÇÈÀÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 3.1.2.ÀÂÑÒÐÎÍÅÇÈÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 3.1.3.ÏÀÐÀÒÀÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 3.1.4.ÑÅÌÜß ÌßÎ-ßÎ 3.1.5.ÑÅÌÜß ÕÎÊÀ-ÑÈÓ 3.2.ÑÐÅÄÈÇÅÌÍÎÌÎÐÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 3.2.1.ÁÀÑÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 3.3.ÈÍÄÎÒÈÕÎÎÊÅÀÍÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 3.3.1.ÀÍÄÀÌÀÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 3.3.2.ÀÝÒÀ 3.3.3.ÒÀÑÌÀÍÈÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß* 3.3.4.ÒÐÀÍÑÍÎÂÎÃÂÈÍÅÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß-ÔÈËÀ 3.3.5.ÑÅÌÜß-ÔÈËÀ ÑÅÏÈÊ-ÐÀÌÓ 3.3.6.ÑÅÌÜß-ÔÈËÀ ÒÎÐÐÈ×ÅËËÈ 3.3.7.ÂÎÑÒÎ×ÍÎÏÀÏÓÀÑÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß-ÔÈËÀ 3.3.8.ÑÅÌÜß-ÔÈËÀ ÑÊÎ 3.3.9.ÑÅÌÜß-ÔÈËÀ ÊÂÎÌÒÀÐÈ 3.3.10.ÑÅÌÜß-ÔÈËÀ ÀÐÀÈ 3.3.11.ÑÅÌÜß-ÔÈËÀ ÀÌÒÎ-ÌÓÑÈÀÍ 3.3.12.ÊÓÑÓÍÄÀ 3.4.ÀÂÑÒÐÀËÈÉÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 3.4.1 ÀÂÑÒÐÀËÈÉÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß (õîòÿ ðÿä ëèíãâèñòîâ âûäåëÿþò çäåñü äî 29 îòäåëüíûõ ñåìåé) ÂÄÛÕÀÞÙÈÅ: 1.ÊÎÉÑÀÍÑÊÀß ÌÀÊÐÎÑÅÌÜß 1.1.ÁÓØÌÅÍÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß 1.2.ÃÎÒÒÅÍÒÎÒÑÊÀß ÑÅÌÜß
retrograde: Íå ïîìíþ çàìå÷àëè âû èëè íåò ÿçûê äîìïî â Ãàíå. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dompo_language It may even be a relic of the pre-Niger–Congo languages of West Africa. Èíòåðåñíî ÷òî ýòî çà äðåâíèé ñëîé òàêîé òàì.
ÂËÀÄÈÌÈÐ-III: Åãî âñå-òàêè ñáëèæàþò ñ êâà. Äðóãîå äåëî - ñóáñòðàò. Ìîæåò áûòü, òîé æå äðåâíîñòè, ÷òî è áàíãåðå?
retrograde: Âîîáùå êâà íåïîíÿòíî ÷òî. Àíãëîâèêè â ñîìíåíèÿõ - The various clusters of languages included in Kwa are at best distantly related, and it has not been demonstrated that they are closer to each other than to neighboring Niger–Congo languages.
ÂËÀÄÈÌÈÐ-III: Íó ýòî óæå ÷åðåñ÷óð! ß ïîíèìàþ - îòäåëüíûå èçîëÿòû. Íî öåëàÿ ñåìüÿ! Òóò, êîíå÷íî. àâòîðèòåò Ãðèíáåðãà, íî âåäü íå îí îäèí òàê êëàññèôèöèðîâàë.
retrograde: Íó, àòëàíòè÷åñêèå ÿçûêè âðîäå áû êàê ðàçäðàêîíèëè. Òåïåðü âîò äî êâà äîêîïàëèñü. http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Niger-Congo%20an%20alternative%20view.pdf Êðàòêèé ïîäêîï îò Ðîäæåðà Áëåí÷à íà òåìó âàëèäíîñòè íåêîòîðûõ ãðóïï íèãåð-êîíãî. Íåêîòîðûå âñ¸ æå âàëèäíû. Ïî äðóãèì âîïðîñû ïîêà åñòü. Ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå ïî ïîâîäó áàíòó ó íåãî çàîñòðåíî âíèìàíèå íà çîíå À. Ýòî ìîæíî îáúÿñíèòü ðàçìûòîñòüþ ãðàíèö ìåæäó áàíòó è þæíîáàíòîèäíûìè - íåêîòîðûå ãðóïïû (íàñêîëüêî ïîíèìàþ â Êàìåðóíå è îêîëî) òàì íåïîíÿòíî âñ¸ æå êàêèå - áàíòó èëè þæíîáàíòîèäíûå. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbam_languages íàâñêèäêó òàêîé ïðèìåð. ìîæåò è åù¸ ÷òî-òî òàì.
ÂËÀÄÈÌÈÐ-III: retrograde ïèøåò: Íó, àòëàíòè÷åñêèå ÿçûêè âðîäå áû êàê ðàçäðàêîíèëè. Òåïåðü âîò äî êâà äîêîïàëèñü. Àòëàíòè÷åñêàÿ îáùíîñòü â öåëîì - ýòî ïðèøåäøèå ïðèìåðíî èç ñîâð. Ñóäàíà ôóëüáå (ãîâîðèâøèå íåïîíÿòíî íà êàêîì ÿçûêå, âïëîòü äî ñåìèòè÷åñêîãî) è ñîåäèíèâøèåñÿ ñ äîôóëüáñêèì ñîîáùåñòâîì, êîòîðîå ïåðåäàëî ôóëüáå ñâîé ÿçûê (îáû÷íî áûâàåò ðîâíî íàîáîðîò). Òàê ÷òî àòëàíòè÷åñêèå ÿçûêè è íå ìîãëè áûòü ÷åì-òî åäèíûì. Òîãäà âîïðîñ: óäàëîñü ëè âûäåëèòü äðåâíåôóëüáñêèé äîàòëàíòè÷åñêèé ÿçûêîâîé ñóáñòðàò?
retrograde: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubangian_languages Çàìåòèë ÿ è ðàçäðàêîíèâàíèå óáàíãèéñêèõ. Ãðóïïû ãáàéÿ è çàíäå êàê áóäòî òåïåðü óæå íå óáàíãèéñêèå. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna_languages ãáàéÿ òåïåðü âðîäå áû â ñàâàííñêèõ. À óáàíãèéñêèå è çàíäå ïîêà ïîä âîïðîñîì. Âîò ÷åñòíî - ìåíÿ òàêàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ óæå íåìíîãî ïîäáåøèâàåò. Ãðóïïû êî÷óþò èç ãðóïï â ãðóïïû. Ïîòîì åù¸ ÷åãî-òî ó÷óäÿò.
retrograde: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijoid_languages È â åäèíñòâå ýòîé ãðóïïèðîâêè òåïåðü ñîìíåâàþòñÿ. Äåôàêà è ÿçûêè èäæî â ðàçíûõ ãðóïïàõ? Ïðÿì î÷åðåäíàÿ ýïèäåìèÿ ñîìíåíèé â àôðèêàíèñòèêå êàêàÿ-òî!
ÂËÀÄÈÌÈÐ-III: Ïëîõî èçó÷åíû. Ýòî âàì íå èíäîåâðîïåéöû. Äà è êëàññèôèêàöèÿ èíäîåâðîïåéöåâ òîæå ìåíÿåòñÿ. Òî âûïÿòÿò ðîëü õåòòîâ, òî ðàçäåëÿò èíäîåâðîïåéöåâ íà àðèéöåâ è íåàðèéöåâ (âñåõ, êðîìå èíäîàðèåâ, èðàíöåâ, äàðäîâ è íóðèñòàíöåâ). Èçó÷àòü íàäî.  öåëîì êëàññèôèêàöèÿ àôðèêàíñêèõ ÿçûêîâ äîñòàòî÷íî ñòðîéíàÿ - ýòî âàì äàæå íå Åâðîïà.
ïîëíàÿ âåðñèÿ ñòðàíèöû